• Crypto capital gains are classified as savings income under the Personal Income Tax (IRPF).
• Gains are taxable when realized, such as upon selling or exchanging crypto for fiat or other assets.
• Exemptions apply to gains below €1,000 in some cases, but generally no threshold for taxation.
• Losses can offset gains, and holding periods do not affect rates; rates are progressive based on gain amount.

• Mining income is taxed as business or professional income under IRPF progressive rates.
• Staking rewards are considered income from movable capital, taxed at savings rates of 19-28%.
• Other crypto income, like airdrops or salaries in crypto, is taxed as ordinary income at progressive rates.
• Deductions for expenses are allowed for mining; income is taxed upon receipt.

• Report all crypto transactions, gains, losses, and holdings over €50,000 abroad.
• Report annually with income tax return.
• Use Form 720 for foreign assets and IRPF forms for income/gains.
• Deadline is June 30 for IRPF; March 31 for Form 720.

• Spain requires declaration of overseas crypto assets via Form 720 if exceeding €50,000.
• Recent crackdown on tax evasion includes mandatory reporting by exchanges.
• VAT exempt on crypto-to-fiat exchanges, but applies to certain services.
• Wealth tax may apply to high-value crypto holdings in some regions.